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  GR9277 #33
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\prob{33}
\imgsrc{9277_32)

In the circuit shown above, the resistance are given in ohms and the battery is assumed ideal with emf equal to 3.0 volts.

The voltage across resistor $R_4$ is


  1. 0.4V
  2. 0.6V
  3. 1.2V
  4. 1.5V
  5. 3.0V
Electromagnetism}Circuits

One can find the voltage across R_4 quite easily. The net resistance of all resistors except R_1 is R_{eq}=((1/R_3+1/R_4)^{-1}+R^5)^{-1}+1/R_2=25 \Omega. Kirchhoff's Loop Law then gives V=I(R_1+R_{eq})\Rightarrow I=3/75A.

Now that one knows the current, one trivially finds the voltage across R_2 to be IR_2=1 V. I^{'}(R_{34}+R_{5})=1, since the resistors are in parallel.

Since R_{34}=1/R_3+1/R_4=1/60+1/30=20\Omega, the current I^{'}=1/(R_{34}+R_5)=1/50.

The voltage across either R_3 or R_4 is just 1-I^{'}R_5=1-30/50=0.4, as in choice (A).

See below for user comments and alternate solutions! See below for user comments and alternate solutions!
Alternate Solutions
kap09c
2013-10-17 15:11:53		This was my 30 second method: Whenever resistors are in parallel, the equivalent resistor will always be lower than the smallest value. It is easy to see the max total resistance is 50+50=100 ohm. Therefore the max current of the entire circuit is 3/(100) = .03 A.

Now take this and evaluate using the max resistance of the section under question, which would be 30 ohm. The max value for the voltage there is then 0.9 V. This eliminates everything but A and B. Realizing you took two maximizing approximations, opt for the lesser of the two, which is A.


BOOM SHAKALAKA!		Alternate Solution - Unverified
gravity
2010-11-08 00:39:11		This problem (like all PGRE problems) is not as hard or tedious as it seems.

This equation will save your life one day, for two resistors in parallel:

R_{eq} = R_1*R_2 / (R_1 + R_2)

(same form for capacitors in parallel). Memorize it.

Using this, you should be able to break down all the resistors to one R_{eq} = 75 \Omega in about 5 seconds. And you now know current is 1/25.

Quickly solve the voltage drop across the first resistor like everybody else says. Or don't. I don't care.

Note that the equivalent resistance R_{34} = 6*3/(6+3) = 20 and adding 30 for R_5 is 50. It's the equivalent of two resistors of the same resistance! Thus, the current is split evenly between the two. 1/25 becomes 1/50 (Amps). The equivalent resistance is 20 (Ohms) and you know the same voltage drops across parallel resistors.

20/50 = .4

There, didn't take long at all, and now you have free time to doodle or something.
Tsaigos
2014-03-29 20:31:49		 If you really wanted to expand it all it is for multiple parallel resistors is

\left(R\right)_{parallel}= \frac{A}{B}

where A is Π\left( R\right)_{n}

and B is Σ (Π \left( R\right)_{n} \left( R\right)_{i-} )

where \left( R\right)_{i-} represents i removed

Alternate Solution - Unverified
his dudeness
2010-10-09 07:24:55		In problems like these, if you do the full calculation, then you play right into ETS's hands -- it ends up taking 3-5 minutes and the terrorists win.

A quicker way is as follows:
(1) Quickly calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit to be 75 \Omega (this shouldn't take more than about a minute). This means the total current is \frac{3}{75} A.
(2) Note that if the full current would be flowing through our resistor \R_4, then the voltage would be V = IR = \frac{3}{75}*30 = 1.2 V. Thus we can immediately eliminate D and E.
(3) However, the actual current flowing through R4 is less than half the total current, so V < 0.6 and choice A is the only one that fits the bill.

Of course, when I actually solved the problem I did it the long-winded way, but in hindsight this is how I would have approached it.		Alternate Solution - Unverified
niux
2009-11-06 13:14:30		You can do it in 4 quick mental steps (and save time)
As from previous question you got equivalent resistances, then I better used voltage because it divides proportional to resistance when they are in series. You start with 3V from the battery, so here it goes:
1)3 V \Rightarrow 2V to R1 and 1V to R_{eq} (=R2,3,4,5) because they are in series
2)1V to R2 and 1V to the other branch R3,4,5 (parallel)
3)0.4V to R3,4 and 0.6V to R5
4) 0.4 V to R4 (parallel with R3 so same voltage)
Although you may be tempted to skip it, this circuit is not that much complicated, so you can try.		Alternate Solution - Unverified
jmason86
2009-09-04 19:27:13		My user solution for this problem is..



SKIP IT.
Long resistance calculations like this take a long time to do, require many small steps, which increases the likelihood that you will make some small mistake and totally botch the answer (as is evidenced by multiple typos in Yosun's solution and even in the comments). They are unlikely to give you more than 2 problems of this type in the whole test and the time would be MUCH better spent on other problems, or returning to other, less mathematically intense problems. 		Alternate Solution - Unverified
qu
2008-10-13 07:24:52		R1, R2 and R5 are in series just ignoring the R3 and R4 parallel block. Equivalent (R1,R2,R5) is 130 ohm. Current through them is i=v(3)/Req(130)=0.02. Now the parallel block has equivalent rsistance as Req1=(1/R3+1/R4)^-1. Voltage drop across parallel bloc is therefore V=i*Req1(20ohm); which is 0.4 approx. so choice is (A)Alternate Solution - Unverified
chrisfizzix
2008-10-06 12:11:04		I hate all those annoying reciprocal relations. Here's a way to solve the problem while doing as little annoying circuit manipulations as possible, and instead using some simple relations.

Find the equivalent resistance of R_3||R_4: \frac{1}{R} = \frac{1}{R_3} + \frac{1}{R_4} = 20 ohms.

So, the total resistance of the right branch is 20 + 30 = 50 ohms.

Find the equivalent resistance of the whole circuit: this is straightforward if you remember that two equal resistors in parallel give you one resistor of half the value. So, our total resistance is 75 ohms.

Find the current: 3.0 volts / 75 ohms = 1/25 amps.

Find the voltage drop across R_1: this is easy: V_1 = I R_1 = 2.0 V.

Now we know that the voltage across the right branch is 1.0 V, and that half the total current is flowing through the branch as the resistance of the middle and right branches are equal.

The voltage drop across R_5 is \frac{1}{2}I R_5 = \frac{1}{25} \times \frac{1}{2} \times 30 = 0.6 V. So, we know the voltage drop over the top portion of the right branch: 1.0 V - 0.6 V = 0.4V, choice A.		Alternate Solution - Unverified
Comments
philip_kent
2017-10-19 04:54:22		The equivalent resistance for the three resistors on the far right is 60*30/90=20 + 30 = 50 which in parallel with the other 50 ohm resistor gives a total equivalent resistance of 50/2 for the right side, which is half the top resistance. So you now only have two resistors, 50 and 50/2, with the same current running through them. Since P = I^2R the top resistor must dissipate more energy than the rest of the circuit since it\'s resistance is twice as big. All the resistors on the right share a portion of half that energy so they must all be less than the power dissipated by R1, and the choice is A.NEC
kap09c
2013-10-17 15:11:53		This was my 30 second method: Whenever resistors are in parallel, the equivalent resistor will always be lower than the smallest value. It is easy to see the max total resistance is 50+50=100 ohm. Therefore the max current of the entire circuit is 3/(100) = .03 A.

Now take this and evaluate using the max resistance of the section under question, which would be 30 ohm. The max value for the voltage there is then 0.9 V. This eliminates everything but A and B. Realizing you took two maximizing approximations, opt for the lesser of the two, which is A.


BOOM SHAKALAKA!		Alternate Solution - Unverified
kap09c
2013-10-17 14:48:58		This was my 30 second method: Whenever resistors are in parallel, the equivalent resistor will always be lower than the smallest value. It is easy to see the max total resistance is 50+50=100 ohm. Therefore the max current of the entire circuit is 3/(100) = .03 A.

Now take this and evaluate using the max resistance of the section under question, which would be 30 ohm. The max value for the voltage there is then 0.9 V. This eliminates everything but A and B. Realizing you took too maximizing approximations, opt for the less of the two, which is A.


BOOM SHAKALAKA!
kap09c
2013-10-17 14:49:51		 two* ... sorry. need more coffee.
NEC
walczyk
2011-03-26 04:27:38		easiest with lenz' law...NEC
gravity
2010-11-08 00:39:11		This problem (like all PGRE problems) is not as hard or tedious as it seems.

This equation will save your life one day, for two resistors in parallel:

R_{eq} = R_1*R_2 / (R_1 + R_2)

(same form for capacitors in parallel). Memorize it.

Using this, you should be able to break down all the resistors to one R_{eq} = 75 \Omega in about 5 seconds. And you now know current is 1/25.

Quickly solve the voltage drop across the first resistor like everybody else says. Or don't. I don't care.

Note that the equivalent resistance R_{34} = 6*3/(6+3) = 20 and adding 30 for R_5 is 50. It's the equivalent of two resistors of the same resistance! Thus, the current is split evenly between the two. 1/25 becomes 1/50 (Amps). The equivalent resistance is 20 (Ohms) and you know the same voltage drops across parallel resistors.

20/50 = .4

There, didn't take long at all, and now you have free time to doodle or something.
gravity
2010-11-08 00:40:37		 Capacitors in series! In series, I mean!

*Don't blame me for when you fail. You're the failure.
Kabuto Yakushi
2010-11-12 15:04:02		 You beat me to it by ten seconds. LOL.
laxatives
2012-08-07 13:37:50		 I think you meant same form for capacitors in series
laxatives
2012-08-07 13:38:44		 Damn, beat me to it by 2 years... Sorry I didnt see the comments in the alternate solutions section
godtripp
2012-10-03 22:25:48		 I've always found it easier to remmemberrn\frac{1}{R_{eq}} = \frac{1}{R_{1}} + \frac{1}{R_{2}} +... rnrnThis way you can easily add up all capacitors or resistors at once no sweat.rn
Tsaigos
2014-03-29 20:31:49		 If you really wanted to expand it all it is for multiple parallel resistors is

\left(R\right)_{parallel}= \frac{A}{B}

where A is Π\left( R\right)_{n}

and B is Σ (Π \left( R\right)_{n} \left( R\right)_{i-} )

where \left( R\right)_{i-} represents i removed

NoPhysicist3
2017-03-23 10:16:50		 Capacitors in series, the same as resistors in parallel
Alternate Solution - Unverified
his dudeness
2010-10-09 07:24:55		In problems like these, if you do the full calculation, then you play right into ETS's hands -- it ends up taking 3-5 minutes and the terrorists win.

A quicker way is as follows:
(1) Quickly calculate the equivalent resistance of the circuit to be 75 \Omega (this shouldn't take more than about a minute). This means the total current is \frac{3}{75} A.
(2) Note that if the full current would be flowing through our resistor \R_4, then the voltage would be V = IR = \frac{3}{75}*30 = 1.2 V. Thus we can immediately eliminate D and E.
(3) However, the actual current flowing through R4 is less than half the total current, so V < 0.6 and choice A is the only one that fits the bill.

Of course, when I actually solved the problem I did it the long-winded way, but in hindsight this is how I would have approached it.
worseredgirl
2011-10-12 18:50:42		 This is the best answer, aside from skipping the problem all together (which is what I did)

Alternate Solution - Unverified
niux
2009-11-06 13:14:30		You can do it in 4 quick mental steps (and save time)
As from previous question you got equivalent resistances, then I better used voltage because it divides proportional to resistance when they are in series. You start with 3V from the battery, so here it goes:
1)3 V \Rightarrow 2V to R1 and 1V to R_{eq} (=R2,3,4,5) because they are in series
2)1V to R2 and 1V to the other branch R3,4,5 (parallel)
3)0.4V to R3,4 and 0.6V to R5
4) 0.4 V to R4 (parallel with R3 so same voltage)
Although you may be tempted to skip it, this circuit is not that much complicated, so you can try.
NoPhysicist3
2017-03-23 10:25:19		 Amazing solution
Alternate Solution - Unverified
jmason86
2009-09-04 19:27:13		My user solution for this problem is..



SKIP IT.
Long resistance calculations like this take a long time to do, require many small steps, which increases the likelihood that you will make some small mistake and totally botch the answer (as is evidenced by multiple typos in Yosun's solution and even in the comments). They are unlikely to give you more than 2 problems of this type in the whole test and the time would be MUCH better spent on other problems, or returning to other, less mathematically intense problems.
apr2010
2010-04-07 16:44:28		 I have written down the formula and concluded the same. As question 32 is pretty simple, you got already point for that.
Alternate Solution - Unverified
infiniteseries
2008-10-29 19:37:59		there seems to be an error with this image. Just a heads up.NEC
qu
2008-10-13 07:24:52		R1, R2 and R5 are in series just ignoring the R3 and R4 parallel block. Equivalent (R1,R2,R5) is 130 ohm. Current through them is i=v(3)/Req(130)=0.02. Now the parallel block has equivalent rsistance as Req1=(1/R3+1/R4)^-1. Voltage drop across parallel bloc is therefore V=i*Req1(20ohm); which is 0.4 approx. so choice is (A)
ramparts
2009-08-15 18:32:56		 How are those three in series? R2 and R5 seem pretty clearly parallel to me...
Alternate Solution - Unverified
qu
2008-10-13 07:23:55		R1, R2 and R5 are in series just ignoring the R3 and R4 parallel block. Equivalent (R1,R2,R5) is 130 ohm. Current through them is i=v(3)/Req(130)=0.02. Now the parallel block has equivalent rsistance as Req1=(1/R3+1/R4)^-1. Voltage drop across parallel bloc is therefore V=i*Req1(20ohm); which is 0.4 approx. so choice is (A) NEC
chrisfizzix
2008-10-06 12:11:04		I hate all those annoying reciprocal relations. Here's a way to solve the problem while doing as little annoying circuit manipulations as possible, and instead using some simple relations.

Find the equivalent resistance of R_3||R_4: \frac{1}{R} = \frac{1}{R_3} + \frac{1}{R_4} = 20 ohms.

So, the total resistance of the right branch is 20 + 30 = 50 ohms.

Find the equivalent resistance of the whole circuit: this is straightforward if you remember that two equal resistors in parallel give you one resistor of half the value. So, our total resistance is 75 ohms.

Find the current: 3.0 volts / 75 ohms = 1/25 amps.

Find the voltage drop across R_1: this is easy: V_1 = I R_1 = 2.0 V.

Now we know that the voltage across the right branch is 1.0 V, and that half the total current is flowing through the branch as the resistance of the middle and right branches are equal.

The voltage drop across R_5 is \frac{1}{2}I R_5 = \frac{1}{25} \times \frac{1}{2} \times 30 = 0.6 V. So, we know the voltage drop over the top portion of the right branch: 1.0 V - 0.6 V = 0.4V, choice A.		Alternate Solution - Unverified
energy69
2007-10-14 20:39:53		solution is so much more complicated then it needs to be. \...
sawtooth
2007-11-02 13:35:32		 Indeed it is. Btw, doesn't "voltage across" mean the voltage drop?Anyway. Since one has found that the current going through R_{34} is 1/50 A just multiply by R_{34}=R_3 // R_4=20]Omega to find a 0.6V drop (the same in both resistors. You can find the two respective currents and apply for R_4 if you dont believe, but in the end you are using the fact that the voltage drop is the same. I dont know why the official solution uses R_5.
NEC
ec2250
2007-08-27 11:05:05		I don't understand why the current across R2 is I. Wouldn't the current have split from I1 to I2 and I3 when the initial current reached the first junction? To clarify, I'm confused at the part where we find the voltage across R2. According to the loop rule, wouldn't it be V - I1R1 - I2R2 = 0?
D8less
2007-10-05 21:27:15		 You are right. The author of the above answer mistyped it. The second comment from the bottom mentions there is an error in the result that V2=2 using i1=i2. The correct correction is that i1=2i1 as you said.
NEC
hamood
2007-04-02 13:29:37		combined resistance of R3 and R4 is 20. So both the right arm and the middle arm have the same resistance of 50 ohms. Half the current goes through each, meaning I = 3/150. So drop across R4= drop across R3= IR = 3/150 * 20 = 0.4 VNEC
bterranova
2006-11-02 09:49:28		typo on the typo

R34^-1=1/20		Typo Alert!
bterranova
2006-11-02 09:46:07		Another typo:

R34^-1=(1/30+1/60)^-1		Typo Alert!
comorado
2006-10-26 01:23:22		Another mistyp: V_{R_2}=I R_2 =\frac{3}{75} 50 = \frac{1}{25} 50 = 2 V instead of 1VTypo Alert!
comorado
2006-10-26 01:13:28		Must be R^{-1}_{eq}=((\frac{1}{R_3}+\frac{1}{R_4})^{-1}+R_5)^{-1}+\frac{1}{R_2}

Instead of R_{eq}=((\frac{1}{R_3}+\frac{1}{R_4})^{-1}+R_5)^{-1}+\frac{1}{R_2}		Typo Alert!

Post A Comment!
You are replying to:
combined resistance of R3 and R4 is 20. So both the right arm and the middle arm have the same resistance of 50 ohms. Half the current goes through each, meaning I = 3/150. So drop across R4= drop across R3= IR = 3/150 * 20 = 0.4 V

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This site is not affiliated with ETS, nor is it officially endorsed (yet) by ETS. This site is the work of an individual named Yosun Chang. The solutions, sans user comments and ETS questions, are © 2005 by Yosun Chang except where noted. All rights reserved. / The comments appending particular solutions are due to the respective users. / Educational Testing Service, ETS, the ETS logo, Graduate Record Examinations, and GRE are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service. The examination questions are © 1997 and © 2001 by ETS.