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GR0177 #50
Problem
 GREPhysics.NET Official Solution Alternate Solutions
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Wave Phenomena$\Rightarrow$}Sound

Since the wavelength of the wave does not change, as the pipe presumably stays approximately the same length, only the frequency varies. If the speed of sound changes, then the frequency changes. If the speed of sound is lower than usual, then the frequency is lower. Thus, choices (A), (B) and (C) remain. Calculate $0.97 \times 440$ to get choice (B).

Alternate Solutions
 uhurulol2014-10-20 18:24:42 If you're looking for a more mathematical answer, use the simple relation $T_1$ $\lambda_1$ = $T_2$ $\lambda_2$ Note that $\lambda$ is just $\frac{c}{\nu}$, and as such $T_1$ $\frac{c}{\nu_1}$ = $T_2$ $\frac{c}{\nu_2}$. $c$ cancels on both sides and $T_2 = .97 T_1$, so plugging everything in and cancelling $T_1$ we have $\frac{1}{440} = \frac{.97}{\nu_2}$ Cross multiply to obtain $\nu_2 = .97 * 440 \approx 427$, as in choice (B). Hope this helps.Reply to this comment dham2010-10-06 23:07:59 For a quick guess: Cold instruments go flat. (Frequency goes down), leaving choices A-C. Directly: c=$\lambda$f, so speed of sound is directly proportional to wavelength. Find the change in wavelength by finding $\frac{3}{100}$(440)=3*4.4. That's little over 12. 440-12=428, which is a little over 427 (B). B is the right answer.Reply to this comment
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yummyhat
2017-10-26 12:40:36
use the fact that wavelength*frequency=velocity. notice that the wavelength is determined by the pipe and is constant. use a ratio because the ratio of velocities is already given, and solve for the final frequency.
kevintah
2015-10-05 10:05:11
Hey guys, . . . . Kevin Tah Njokom here :)\r\n\r\n Currently studying for the Physics GRE. This is my first response here. I think it is how to attack the problem, although you have to be able to do it fast to account for time. So here goes.\r\n First a few observations. I noticed that the solution was given by @uhurulol using some very quick method, which is probably faster. My solution is an alternative way of arriving at the answer.\r\n\r\n Notice that the pipe is open at one end. This makes the following relation valid. $L = \\frac{1}{2} \\lambda$ . Here L is the length of the pipe . This is a good thing because we know that the length is not suddenly going to change. \r\n We also know the relation that $v = f \\lambda$ . \r\n We solve for $\\lambda$ from this, and then substitute the value into the equation for $L$. This gives us $L = \\frac{1}{2} \\frac{v}{f}$. Since $L$ is constant it mus apply for the new and old frequency and velocity.\r\n\r\n It is mentioned that on a cold day, the speed of sound is 3% lower than it would be at 20 degrees.\r\n\r\n This means $v_n = v_0 - \\frac{3}{100} v_0$ \r\n \r\nThis makes $v_n = \\frac{97}{100} v_0$\r\n\r\nThus:\r\n\r\n $\\frac{1}{2} \\frac{97v}{100} \\frac{1}{f_n} = \\frac{1}{2} \\frac{v}{440}$\r\n\r\nWhen you crunch things out, you get 426.8 close to 427. This makes B, the answer.\r\n\r\n Good Luck on the Physics GRE everyone. Study hard. Let me know what you think of my answer.
 kevintah2015-10-05 23:39:49 Some how the Latex got distorted, and I can\'t edit it . Oh well
uhurulol
2014-10-20 18:24:42
If you're looking for a more mathematical answer, use the simple relation

$T_1$ $\lambda_1$ = $T_2$ $\lambda_2$

Note that $\lambda$ is just $\frac{c}{\nu}$, and as such

$T_1$ $\frac{c}{\nu_1}$ = $T_2$ $\frac{c}{\nu_2}$.

$c$ cancels on both sides and $T_2 = .97 T_1$, so plugging everything in and cancelling $T_1$ we have

$\frac{1}{440} = \frac{.97}{\nu_2}$

Cross multiply to obtain $\nu_2 = .97 * 440 \approx 427$, as in choice (B). Hope this helps.
 jwbrooks02014-10-20 20:26:58 No. I don't agree. See below. We start with: $\lambda = \frac{c}{f} = 2L$ Because 2L is constant, we know: $\frac{c_1}{f_1}=\frac{c_2}{f_2}$ and rearranging: $f_2=f_1 \frac{c_2}{c_1}$ From wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound#Speed_in_ideal_gases_and_in_air), speed of sound, c, is proportional to $\sqrt{T}$. Therefore: $f_2=f_1 \sqrt{\frac{0.97 T_1}{T_1}} =440 sqrt{0.97} = 433.3$ which is choice (C).
jwbrooks0
2014-09-22 21:21:30
I'm confused. The speed of sound should be proportional to the sqrt(T). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_sound#Speed_in_ideal_gases_and_in_air

Therefore, why isn't 440*sqrt(0.97) = 433 correct?
 Stardust2015-10-22 15:37:18 The question says the \'SPEED OF SOUND is 3% lower than...\' not the temperature.
dham
2010-10-06 23:07:59
For a quick guess: Cold instruments go flat. (Frequency goes down), leaving choices A-C.

Directly: c=$\lambda$f, so speed of sound is directly proportional to wavelength.

Find the change in wavelength by finding $\frac{3}{100}$(440)=3*4.4.

That's little over 12.
440-12=428, which is a little over 427 (B).

 danielsw986672019-09-13 12:27:26 Yeah B is the correct answer. fleck water softener
f4hy
2009-11-06 23:27:57
They give you the 20 degrees as a trick then?
 dham2010-10-06 23:09:25 Not really, it's just an initial condition.
michealmas
2006-12-30 11:48:37
use the $\nu = \frac{v}{\lambda}$ equation relating freq., velocity, and wavelength.
2006-03-30 22:21:27
One quick way of doing this calculation in your head is to consider it as a 3% loss. Thus -3 for every 100, which gives a loss of -12. 440-12 = 428.

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