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Mechanics}Kepler's Third Law

Recall Kepler's Third Law stated in its most popular form, The square of the period is proportional to the cube of the orbital radius. (Technically, the orbital radius is the semimajor axis of the ellipse.)

Recast that commonsense fact above into equations to get T \propto R^{3/2}, as in choice (D).

See below for user comments and alternate solutions! See below for user comments and alternate solutions!
Alternate Solutions
nathan12343
2008-08-13 13:44:56
One can always remember that

U = \frac{GMm}{R}

And, from the Virial Theorem,

U = \frac{3}{2}T = \frac{3}{4}mv^2

From this we get

v \propto \sqrt{\frac{GM}{R}}

Now, the orbital Period, \tau, is nothing but

\frac{2 \pi R}{v}

So, we have,

\tau \propto R^{\frac{3}{2}}

Which is the answer
Alternate Solution - Unverified
Comments
nathan12343
2008-08-13 13:44:56
One can always remember that

U = \frac{GMm}{R}

And, from the Virial Theorem,

U = \frac{3}{2}T = \frac{3}{4}mv^2

From this we get

v \propto \sqrt{\frac{GM}{R}}

Now, the orbital Period, \tau, is nothing but

\frac{2 \pi R}{v}

So, we have,

\tau \propto R^{\frac{3}{2}}

Which is the answer
Alternate Solution - Unverified
michealmas
2007-01-01 16:00:24
That's an elegant way to solve it, but if you didn't remember it, you could equate the forces, Newtons Law of Gravitation with the centripetal force for uniform circular motion:

\frac{GMm}{r^{2}} = \frac{m v^{2}}{r}

using

v = \omega r

and

T = \frac{2 \pi}{\omega}.
NEC

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