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GR8677 #40
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Advanced Topics$\Rightarrow$}Radioactivity

Radioactive counting rates (number of decay per unit time) follow the Poisson Distribution. (Recall that the Poisson Distribution describes the results of experiments in which one counts events that occur independently, thus at random, but at a definite average rate.) In the PD, $\sigma=\sqrt{\bar{x}}$, i.e., the standard deviation is approximately the square-root of the average.

Suppose $9934\approx 10000$ is the average. The square root of that is $100$, hence (A) is the answer.

(Depending on whether one is in the mood for rolling the celestial self-loaded 5-sided dice, one can look for the most obvious relationship between numbers in problems. $\sqrt{x}, x^2$ are two commonly used relationships.)

The Normal (Gaussian) distribution describes the distribution of values for any measurement subject to many sources of error that are all random and small. But, the Poisson Distribution fits this case more closely.

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joshuaprice153
2019-08-08 04:24:11
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casseverhart13
2019-08-06 08:59:25
walczyk
2011-04-06 22:36:51
how is the number of counts also the average? It seems like magic to me..oh wait i see it. you just say "counts per hour" and then it becomes an average. Its tricky because it doesn't tell you what time scale the average should be in. Weird problem.
spacemanERAU
2009-10-15 12:14:24
Im not smart so I was wondering if there was a way for non-intelligent people to solve this problem? I would have had the normal SD equation memorized and been lost as to how to use it to solve this problem. Any help is greatly appreciated.
 ramparts2009-10-30 15:28:46 Counting problems use the Poisson distribution, and the error scales as $\sqrt{x}$. Just something you've gotta memorize :) Maybe from your freshman physics lab, as it was for me.
 mpdude82012-04-15 21:41:44 I, personally, like to see problems where I get almost no information in the question. You know, then, that the answer has to be something simple, or something purely based on logic and reasoning. The only "number" you're given is 9934. Even if you forget the relationship given in the original solution above, you might try the square root as a guess. This yields a result suspiciously close to 100. Not even a physical or mathematical argument -- but with only 90 seconds allotted per question, sometimes you have to try a clever guess.
 justin_l2012-11-08 11:05:14 Basically, whenever you see standard deviation in statistics/counting, you should see Square Root of N. Standard deviation is ALWAYS related to the square root of n in counting problems, and it's always associated with square roots in general. Any time you see standard deviation, think square root. Specifically if it's a counting problem.
erc
2005-11-05 08:01:34
Typo alert: 9934 ~ 10000 - too many zeros in solution.
 yosun2005-11-05 23:12:47 Thanks erc for the correction!

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